• Core CPI posted a second consecutive strong gain
  • Breadth remains elevated
  • Prices for core services remain hot
  • Core goods prices were flat, but not because of waning tariff effects
  • US inflation data will remain messed up and lagging over the next month
  • FOMC hawks will dig in on warm core CPI and details
 
  • US CPI / core CPI, m/m % change, SA, January:
  • Actual: 0.17 / 0.30
  • Scotia: 0.3 / 0.3
  • Consensus: 0.3 / 0.3
  • Prior: 0.30 / 0.23

US core inflation landed on the screws at 0.28% m/m seasonally adjusted. That maintains elevated pressure on underlying inflation (chart 1). The details will spawn the usual debates, but the fundamental point is that underlying pressure and breadth (chart 2) are too hot to appease the FOMC’s hawks. Details are here and interpretations follow.

Chart 1: US Core CPI Inflation; Chart 2: US Inflation Breadth

Markets initially reacted to the headline beat with slightly lower than expected total CPI inflation of 0.2% m/m SA but the US 2s yield quickly reversed that. Markets have since been volatile with modest downward pressure on Treasury yields.

This report does nothing to change the Fed's dilemma. Jobs are weak, core inflation is not pending core PCE’s translation from core CPI and core PPI when we get it. Take health and social services out of nonfarm and January’s job change was flat and continued a rather weak trend. But core CPI and particularly core services CPI pressure like this won't swing the hawks on the Committee around to easing.

Chart 3 shows that core goods prices excluding food and energy commodities were flat at 0% m/m SA. 

Chart 3: US Goods Inflation

Chart 4 shows core service prices that exclude shelter and energy services. The 0.6% m/m SA nonannualized rise was the hottest since last January and the chart shows this figure converted to an annualized rate. This chart will ignite the hawks.

Chart 4: US CPI Core Services Ex-Housing

What drove core goods prices to be flat? That can't be claimed as evidence of no tariff effect. Tariff related categories like apparel, household furnishings, recreation commodities etc were quite firm (chart 5). 

Chart 5: US Goods CPI By Components

Instead, vehicles were part of the soft core goods inflation with waning demand. Used vehicles were most of that with a price drop of -1.8% m/m SA, but even new prices were little changed (+0.1%). New vehicle sales have been trending lower. Vehicle parts prices have also been falling. Autos are obviously subject to tariffs unless USMCA compliant which is most of them, so the weakness likely reflects softening auto demand. New vehicle sales peak last March before ‘Liberation Day’ as tariff front-running kicked in and the industry is dealing with the aftermath combined with the expiration of EV subsidies at the end of September.

Flat to lower drug prices were a partial influence.

Seasonally unadjusted prices were firmer than usual for an average month of January (chart 6) but the seasonal adjustment factor was unspectacular (chart 7).

Chart 6: Comparing US Core CPI for All Months of January; Chart 7: Comparing US Core CPI SA Factors for All Months of January

Conversion from core CPI weights to core PCE weights suggest core PCE is tracking at about 0.24% m/m SA for January. We will not, however, get PCE for January until March 13th. Next Friday’s PCE will be for December and we don’t get producer prices for January until one week after that. The US inflation data release schedule remains messed up by the shutdown.

Charts 8–22 show components. Shelter was up 0.2% including for owners equivalent rent and primary rent.

Chart 8: Housing Inflation; Chart 9: US Rent Inflation; Chart 10: US CPI: Gasoline; Chart 11: US Food Prices
Chart 12: New vs Used Vehicle Inflation; Chart 13: US Apparel; Chart 14: US CPI: Recreation Services; Chart 15: US CPI: Recreation Goods
Chart 16: US CPI: Household Furnishings; Chart 17: US Motor Vehicle Insurance; Chart 18: US Airfare; Chart 19: US Hospital Services
Chart 20: Laundry Equipment Prices; Chart 21: US Financial Services; Chart 22: Prescription Drug Prices

Used vehicle prices fell 1.8% m/m SA with new vehicles little changed (+0.1%).

Gasoline prices fell by 3.2% m/m SA which, along with stable food price inflation of 0.2% including groceries (0.2%) and ‘away from home’ food (0.1%) helped to explain why headline CPI was softer than core that excludes these categories.

There is quite a lot of breadth across individual service price categories to go with the 0.6% m/m SA jump in core services prices (ie: ex-housing and energy services).

Charts 23–24 show unweighted and weighted contributions to the change in total CPI on a month-over-month basis. 

Chart 23:January Changes in US Headline CPI Categories; Chart 24: January Weighted Contributions to Monthly Change in US Headline CPI

Charts 25–26 do likewise for year–over–year changes.

Chart 25: January 12-Month Changes in US Headline CPI Categories; Chart 26: January Weighted Contributions to the 12-Month Change in US Headline CPI

Also see the accompanying table for more details and micro charts plus measures of dispersion.

Table: US Inflation Component Breakdown
Table: US Inflation Component Breakdown
Table: US Inflation Component Breakdown