• Peru: Private investment accelerated its expansion rate in Q1 2026

Domestic demand grew 6.6% during the first quarter of 2026, its largest quarterly expansion since 2013—excluding the post-pandemic rebound of 2021—according to figures from the Central Reserve Bank (BCRP). This result exceeded the overall 3.5% pace of GDP growth, as the latter was affected by the minimal increase in export volume (table 1).

Table 1: Peru = Domestic Demand (% Change y/y)

The dynamism of domestic demand was primarily driven by the expansion of private investment—fueled by favourable business expectations, high metals prices, and relatively low interest rates—and private consumption—benefiting from improved consumer expectations, increased employment, and greater liquidity associated with the eighth withdrawal from pension funds. On the public spending side, increased public consumption stood out, while public investment showed practically no change.

For the second quarter, we project that domestic demand will expand by around 5%, a slightly lower rate than in Q1-26. This would be supported by slower growth in private investment. While we anticipate continued growth in mining investment—driven by high metal prices—and residential investment—given the positive trend in self-construction—the results of the first round of the presidential elections in April have led to a deterioration in business expectations (chart 1), which could be reflected in greater caution in non-mining investment. On the other hand, we expect private consumption to continue expanding at a similar pace to that recorded in Q1-26.

Chart 1: Peru: Business Expectations

EVOLUTION OF DOMESTIC DEMAND DURING Q1 2026

Private investment (+13.2%) marked its ninth consecutive quarter of expansion (chart 2), driven by strong momentum in mining investment (+41.2%), fueled by high metal prices—which increased capital expenditures for companies in the sector—as well as the execution of mining projects—notably Ferrobamba by Las Bambas and Tía María by Southern Copper. Additionally, residential investment accelerated (+7.3%), thanks to the expansion of self-construction and the formal real estate segment, resulting from higher incomes and lower mortgage interest rates, respectively. Finally, diversified investment—the "Other" category (+12.4%)—benefited from the positive evolution of business expectations during Q1-26—prior to the first round of elections in April—which was reflected in increased investment in sectors such as energy, infrastructure, and industry.

Chart 2: Peru: Private Investment, by Type

Private consumption (+3.6%) registered ten consecutive months of expansion, driven by the positive trend in employment—238,000 jobs were created in the private sector in Q1, especially in agriculture, services, and commerce—and income (+4.7% nominal), the availability of greater liquidity—linked to the eighth withdrawal of funds from pension funds (AFPs) and the payment of profit-sharing to formal employees—and the increase in consumer credit—due to the greater risk appetite of financial institutions given the low levels of delinquency and the increased demand for credit for the purchase of durable goods—new vehicle sales reached a record high in Q1-26. It should be noted that the acceleration of economic activity and the downward trend in inflation until February—before the start of the oil price surge in March due to the intensification of the war in the Middle East—favoured the recovery of consumer confidence to pre-pandemic levels (chart 3).

Chart 3: Peru: Consumer Confidence

Public consumption accelerated (+7.4%), registering its highest growth rate since Q4-23. This performance was primarily driven by higher payroll expenses, particularly in the Education, Public Order and Security, Health, Defense, and Justice sectors. Increased expenditures on leased goods and maintenance services by the National Government were also reported.

Public investment (-0.2%) showed a mixed performance in Q1-26. Subnational government spending (+16%) was mainly driven by projects in the Transportation, Health, and Education sectors, especially in regions such as Pasco, Amazonas, and Arequipa. Local government investment in projects related to Culture, Sports, and Education also stood out. This was offset by a decline in National Government investment (-16.8%) due to lower disbursements for sanitation projects and projects managed by the National Infrastructure Authority (ANIN).

—Pablo Nano